வருமான வரி பிடித்தம் (TDS) என்றால் என்ன? - Porul.in
வருமான வரி பிடித்தம்
வருமான வரி பிடித்தம் அல்லது TDS என்பது இந்தியாவில் உள்ள வருமானம் ஈட்டும் நபர்களிடம் இருந்து ஒரு குறிப்பிட்ட விழுக்காடு வரித் தொகையை முன்கூட்டியே வருமான வரியாக பிடித்தம் செய்வது ஆகும்.இந்திய வருமான வரிச் சட்டம், 1961 இதை வலியுறுத்துகிறது.
ஏன் முன்னரே பிடித்தம் செய்யப்படுகிறது?
இந்திய அரசுக்கு ஒரு நிலையான வருவாயை முன்னரே இது பெற்று தருவதோடு, வரி ஏய்ப்பை தடுத்து வரி செலுத்தும் மக்களை அதிகப்படுத்துகிறது.
சம்பளம்/ஊதியம் வாங்குவோருக்கான வருமான வரி பிடித்தம்
Inflation Tax Explained: How It Impacts Your Money & Economy | Porul.in
What is Inflation Tax?
Inflation tax is an implicit tax that happens when the government prints more money, leading to inflation. Inflation tax reduces the purchasing power of money held by the public, effectively transferring wealth from individuals and businesses to the government.
What is Inflation?
Inflation is the rate at which prices for goods and services rise, resulting in a decline of purchasing power over time. When inflation occurs:
- Each unit of currency buys fewer goods.
- Consumer prices generally increase.
- Savings lose value if interest rates don't keep up.
Central banks aim to maintain moderate inflation (typically 2-3% annually) to encourage economic growth.
Mechanism of Inflation Tax
- When governments face fiscal deficits and struggle to raise revenue through taxation or borrowing, they may opt for printing more money.
- This increases the money supply in the economy, leading to inflation.
- As prices rise, the real value of money held by the public declines. This means people can buy less than before with the same amount of money.
Money Supply & Inflation Rate in India (2015-2024)
Understanding the Impact of Inflation Tax
Source: Reserve Bank of India (RBI), World Bank Data
Effects of Inflation Tax
- Redistribution of Wealth: Individuals holding cash or fixed-income assets (like bank savings) suffer, while borrowers benefit as debt loses real value.
- Decline in Real Wages: If wages do not keep up with inflation, workers experience a reduction in real income.
- Erosion of Trust: Persistent inflation can lead to declining confidence in the currency and economic instability.
Standard Glass Lining Technology
Company Snapshot:
- Key Information:
- Company Name: Standard Glass Lining Equipment
- Year of IPO : 2024
- Headquarters : Hyderabad
- Key Executives : Nageswara Rao Kandula (MD)
- Equity Symbol : BSE:544333, NSE:SGLTL
Business Model and Operations:
- Reaction Systems: Equipment used in chemical synthesis and controlled reactions for Pharma and Chemical processes. They Manufacture Glass Lines Reactors, Stainless steel reactors etc.
- Heat Exchangers: Machines for transferring heat between mediums.
- Glass Lined Equipment: Corrosion resistant and durable glass-lined products used in various processes.
Glass-Lined Equipment Industry:
Heat Exchangers
Heat Exchangers :
A Heat exchanger is a system that transfers heat between a source and a working fluid. They are used in various applications like refrigeration, air conditioning, power stations, chemical plants, natural-gas processing, data centres etc.- Power Generation Plants: Thermal and nuclear power plants heavily depend on heat exchangers to heat water into steam, condense steam back into water, and manage water temperatures throughout the power generation cycle. This is crucial for optimizing energy efficiency.
Heat Exchangers market in India:
Increasing Demand for Energy Efficiency: With growing energy costs and environmental concerns, there's a strong emphasis on energy efficiency across industries in India.India Heat Exchanger Market Revenue Share
Fairchem Organics - Company Overview
Company Snapshot:
- Key Information
- Company Name: Fairchem Organics Ltd
- Year of IPO: Via Demerger
- Headquarters: Ahmedabad, Gujarat
- Key Executives: Nahoosh Jariwala (Chairman and MD)
- Stock Symbol and Exchange: NSE: FAIRCHEMOR, BSE: 543252
- Sector: Chemicals
Business Model & Operations:
- Raw material sourcing:
- fairchem uses waste by-products such as crude tall oil and other fatty acids derived from processing of edible oils and fats as feedstocks.
- Their model is based on recycling and value addition, as they convert low-value raw materials into high-value products.
Warrants Explained: An Investor's Perspective
What are Share Warrants :
A Share warrant is a contractual document issued by a company which gives the warrant holder the right or option to purchase or sell the company's share at a predetermined price.
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| Warrants |
Why do Companies issue Warrants ?
- Raise Capital: Warrants are often the preferred way to raise capital as it doesn't affect the share capital dilution immediately.
- Also, it gives an option for future source of funds as warrants can be converted into equities in the future.
- Attractive financing: Issuing warrants alongside other securities, such as bonds can make those securities more appealing to investors.
How does it benefit Investors:
- Warrants can offer leverage, allowing investors to get the benefits of significant price increase in the underlying stock with a initial smaller investments.
Risks for Investors:
- Though Investors get to benefit from the warrants as the share price increase, they equally carry risks for the investor. They can expire worthless if the stock price doesn't rise above the exercised price.
- Dilution Risk: If the company issues a large number of warrants, it can potentially dilute the value of existing share.
EMS Limited - Company Overview
Company Snapshot:
- Company Name : EMS Limited
- Year of IPO : 2023
- Headquarters : Ghaziabad
- Key Executives : Mr. Ramveer Singh - Chairman
- Stock Symbol and Exchange : NSE: EMSLIMITED, BSE: EMSLIMITED
Business Model & Operations:
- Sewerage Solutions: Designing and Constructing sewage treatment plants (STPs)
- Comprises around 30-40% of the order book.
- Water supply systems: Developing Infra for the collection, treatment and distribution of water.
- Comprises around 60-70% of the order book.
- Electrical Transmission and Distribution (T&D): Executing projects related to T&D of electricity and development of electrical infrastructure.
Valuation:
As of December 6, 2024, EMS Limited's stock is trading at ₹893.60. To assess its valuation relative to peers, we can examine key financial metrics:
Price-to-Earnings (P/E) Ratio:
- EMS Limited's P/E ratio is approximately 28.94.
Price-to-Book (P/B) Ratio:
- EMS's P/B ratio stands at 5.78.
Market Capitalization:
- EMS Limited has a market cap of approximately ₹4,962.23 crore.
Aster DM Quality Care Ltd - Company Overview
Company Snapshot:
- Company Name : Aster DM Quality Care
- Year of merger : 2024
- Headquarters : Bengaluru
- Key Executives : Dr. Azad Moopen - Executive Chairman, Mr. Varun Khanna - Managing Director
- Stock Symbol and Exchange (e.g., NSE: NSE:ASTERDM, BSE: 540975)
Business Model and Operations:
In News:
Waaree Energies Ltd. - Porul.in Overview
Waaree Energies Limited was founded in 1990, with headquarters in Mumbai, India. Waaree has India's largest aggregate installed capacity of 12 GW as of June 30, 2024 with its plants located in Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh.
Market Leader :
Shareholding Pattern :
Cyient DLM Ltd - Company overview
Cyient DLM Ltd. is a leading integrated Electronic Manufacturing Services (EMS) provider, specializing in industries such as defense, aerospace, medical, industrial, and other sectors. It has manufacturing capabilities and solutions across the value chain and the entire life of a product. Established on June 30, 1993, the company has over 31+ years of experience in creating complex systems with high value and low-to-medium volume mix. The company utilizes the design expertise of its Promoter, Cyient Limited, which has over thirty years of experience delivering engineering and design solutions worldwide, with a focus on various industries.
Company Snapshot:
- Company Name : Cyient DLM
- Year of merger : 2024
- Headquarters : Hyderabad
- Key Executives : Rajendra Velagapudi (MD)
- Stock Symbol and Exchange - NSE:CYIENTDLM, BSE: 543933
Calling Attention Motion
What are Motion
- A Motion refers to a formal proposal made by a member of Legislature to initiate discussion on a matter of general public importance. It can be Moved either by ministers or Private Members.
- No Discussion can be made except for such motions that has consent of presiding officer.
Calling Attention Motion
- A member may with the prior permission of the Speaker call the attention of
a Minister to a matter of urgent public importance and request him to make a
statement thereon. This is an Indian Innovation.
NABARD Grade A Exam
How to Apply for the NABARD Grade A Exam
1. Eligibility Criteria:
- Educational Qualification: A bachelor's degree in a relevant field with a minimum percentage as specified by NABARD.
- Age Limit: Generally, the age limit is between 21 to 30 years. Age relaxation is applicable for reserved categories as per government norms.
Exam Pattern
1. Preliminary Exam (Phase I):
- Subjects: The prelims include sections on English Language, Reasoning, Quantitative Aptitude, General Awareness, Computer Knowledge, Economic and Social Issues, and Agriculture and Rural Development.
- Marks: The prelims exam is for 200 marks.
- Duration: 2 hours.
- Nature: The preliminary exam is objective type.
2. Main Exam (Phase II):
- Paper I: General English (Descriptive) - Essay, Precis, Comprehension, and Business/Office Correspondence.
- Paper II: Stream-Specific Paper - Objective and Descriptive questions related to the specific discipline applied for.
- Marks: Paper I is for 100 marks, and Paper II is for 100 marks.
- Duration: 1.5 hours for each paper.
3. Interview:
- Candidates who clear the mains exam are called for an interview, which is the final stage of the selection process.
Important Dates:
- Registration Dates: 27th July - 15th August, 2024
- Phase-I Exam Date: 1st Sept 2024 (Tentative)
Syllabus for RBI Grade B Exam - A Comprehensive guide
Understanding the syllabus is crucial for any Competitive Exam preparation. This guide outlines the detailed syllabus for the RBI Grade B Exam, ensuring you cover all necessary topics.
Exam Structure
The RBI Grade B Exam consists of three phases:
- Phase-I (Preliminary)
- Phase-II (Mains)
- Interview
Phase-I (Preliminary) Syllabus
The Phase-I exam is an objective test with four sections:
- General Awareness
- Quantitative Aptitude
- English Language
- Reasoning Ability
General Awareness
- Current Affairs and recent important events
- Banking and Financial Awareness
- Economic News
- Static GK (Geography, History, Polity, Environment)
Quantitative Aptitude
- Data Interpretation
- Simplification and Approximation
- Percentage, Ratio & Proportion
- Number Series
- Quadratic Equations
English Language
- Reading Comprehension
- Cloze Test
- Para Jumbles
- Error Spotting
- Fill in the Blanks
Reasoning Ability
- Puzzles and Seating Arrangements
- Syllogisms
- Blood Relations
- Direction Sense
- Coding-Decoding
Phase-II (Mains) Syllabus
The Phase-II exam is both objective and descriptive, consisting of three papers:
- Paper-I: Economic and Social Issues (ESI)
- Paper-II: English (Writing Skills)
- Paper-III: Finance and Management (FM)
Paper-I: Economic and Social Issues (ESI)
- Growth and Development
- Economic Reforms in India
- Globalization
- Social Structure in India
- Social Justice
- Indian Economy
Paper-II: English (Writing Skills)
- Essay Writing
- Precis Writing
- Comprehension
Paper-III: Finance and Management (FM)
- Financial System
- Financial Markets
- Risk Management
- Basics of Derivatives
- Corporate Governance
- Human Resource Development
- Motivation and Incentives
Interview
Candidates who clear the Phase-II exam are called for an interview. The interview assesses the candidate’s knowledge, skills, and suitability for the role.
RBI Grade B Exam
The RBI Grade B exam is conducted by the Reserve Bank of India to recruit officers in Grade 'B' (General) - DR, DEPR, and DSIM in the Common Seniority Group (CSG) Streams. It is a top level competitive exam that tests candidates on various subjects, including general awareness, English, quantitative aptitude, and reasoning.
Eligibility Criteria :
- For Grade 'B' (General) DR: A minimum of 60% marks (50% for SC/ST/PwBD) in Graduation.
- For DEPR and DSIM: Post-graduation in relevant fields with required percentage.
Exam Pattern:
The RBI Grade B exam is conducted in 3 phases:
- Phase-I (Preliminary Exam): Objective type, includes General Awareness, English Language, Quantitative Aptitude, and Reasoning.
- Phase-II (Main Exam): Includes Economic and Social Issues, English (Writing Skills), and Finance and Management.
- Interview: Candidates who clear Phase-II are called for the interview round.
Important Dates and Info:
- Registeration: July 25, 2024 - August 16, 2024 (till 6.00pm)
- vacancies: 94
- Eligibility: Graduation/Postgraduation
- Exam for Grade B (general)
- Phase I Online Examination : September 8, 2024
- Phase II Online Examination : October 19, 2024
- Exam for Grade B (DR) DEPR
- Phase I Online Examination : September 14, 2024
- Phase II Written Examination : October 26, 2024
- Exam for Grade B (DR) DSIm
- Phase I Online Examination : September 14, 2024
- Phase II Written Examination : October 26, 2024
How to Apply for the RBI Grade B Exam
Step : Registration
- Visit the official RBI website: RBI Official Website.
- Navigate to the "Opportunities" section.
- Click on "Current Vacancies" and then "Vacancies".
- Find the RBI Grade B recruitment notification and click on "Apply Online".
Candidates satisfying the conditions of eligibility as on July 01, 2024 are first required to visit the URL “Recruitment for the Post of Officers in Grade ‘B’ (DR) GENERAL/ DEPR/DSIM” on Bank's website i.e. www.rbi.org.in >Opportunities@RBI >Current Vacancies > Vacancies and click on the hyperlink “Online Application Form” in the advertisement page for filling the ‘Online Application’.
It redirects the candidates to the online registration page. (ii)Candidates will have to enter their basic details and upload the photograph, signature, left thumb impression and a handwritten declaration in the online application form as per the specifications given. (iii)To register application, choose the tab "Click here for New Registration" and enter Name, Contact details and E-mail ID.
A Provisional Registration Number and Password will be generated by the system and displayed on the screen. Candidate should note down the Provisional Registration Number and Reserve Bank of India Services Board, Mumbai Advt. No. 2A /2024-25 20 Password. An E-mail and SMS indicating the Provisional Registration number and Password will also be sent.
Tips for Preparation
- Understand the Syllabus: Get familiar with the detailed syllabus and exam pattern.
- Create a Study Plan: Allocate time for each subject and stick to the schedule.
- Practice Regularly: Solve previous years’ papers and take mock tests.
- Stay Updated: Keep yourself updated with current affairs, especially in finance and economics.
INC Sessions - TNPSC
Formation of INC:
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| 1st Session of INC |
The Indian National Congress (INC) was formed in 1885, marking a significant milestone in India's struggle for independence from British rule. The foundation of INC was initiated by A.O.Hume, a retired British civil servant, who aimed to create a platform for civil and political dialogue among educated Indians.
The first session of the INC was held in Bombay (now Mumbai) and was attended by 72 delegates. The formation of the INC played a crucial role in unifying diverse regional and political groups, eventually leading to the broader national movement against British colonialism.
INC Sessions:
| Year | Place | President |
|---|---|---|
| 1st Session, 1885 | Bombay | Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee |
| 2nd Session, 1886 | Calcutta | Dadabhai Naoroji |
| 3rd Session, 1887 | Madras | Badruddin Tyabji |
| 4th Session, 1888 | Allahabad | George Yule |
| 5td Session, 1889 | Bombay | Sir William Wedderburn |
| 6th Session, 1890 | Calcutta | Pherozeshah Mehta |
| 7th Session, 1891 | Nagpur | P.Ananda Charlu |
| 8th Session, 1892 | Allahabad | Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee |
| 9th Session, 1893 | Lahore | Dadabhai Naoroji |
| 10th Session, 1894 | Madras | Alfred Webb |
| 11th Session, 1895 | Pune | Surendranath Banerjee |
| 12th Session, 1896 | Calcutta | Rahimatullah M Sayani |
| 13th Session, 1897 | Amraoti | C Sankaran Nair |
| 14th Session, 1898 | Madras | Ananda Mohan Bose |
| 15th Session, 1899 | Lucknow | Romesh Chunder Dutt |
| 16th Session, 1900 | Lahore | N G Chandavarkar |
| 17th Session, 1901 | Calcutta | Dinshaw Eduljee Wacha |
| 18th Session, 1902 | Ahmedabad | Surendranath Banerjee |
| 19th Session, 1903 | Madras | Lal Mohan Ghosh |
| 20th Session, 1904 | Bombay | Sir Henry Cotton |
| 21st Session, 1905 | Banaras | Gopal Krishna Gokhale |
| 22nd Session, 1906 | Calcutta | Dadabhai Naoroji |
| 23rd Session, 1907 | Surat (Susepended) | Rash Behari Ghosh |
| 23rd Session, 1908 | Madras | Rash Behari Ghosh |
| 24rd Session, 1909 | Lahore | Madan Mohan Malaviya |
| 25th Session, 1910 | Allahabad | Sir William Wedderburn |
| 26th Session, 1911 | Calcutta | Bishan Narayan Dar |
| 27th Session, 1912 | Bankipore | Raghunath Narasinha Mudholkar |
| 28th Session, 1913 | Karachi | Nawab Syed Mohammed Bahadur |
| 29th Session, 1914 | Madras | Bhupendra Nath Bose |